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Behavioral Neuroscience
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Behavioral Neuroscience
Essentials and Beyond



December 2019 | 568 pages | SAGE Publications, Inc
Behavioral Neuroscience: Essentials and Beyond shows students the basics of biological psychology using a modern and research-based perspective. With fresh coverage of applied topics and complex phenomena, including social neuroscience and consciousness, author Stéphane Gaskin delivers the most current research and developments surrounding the brain's functions through student-centered pedagogy. Carefully crafted features introduce students to challenging biological and neuroscience-based concepts through illustrations of real-life application, exploring myths and misconceptions, and addressing students' assumptions head on. 

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    Preface
     
    Acknowledgments
     
    About the Author
     
    CHAPTER 1. Behavioral Neuroscience: Understanding Brain-Behavior Relationships
    Introduction

     
     
    Module 1.1. What Is Behavioral Neuroscience?
    1.1.1 The Study of Brain-Behavior Relationships

     
    1.1.2 A Quick Look at the Brain

     
    1.1.3 Levels of Analysis: Putting Brain-Behavior Relationships in Perspective

     
    1.1.4 A Closer Look at the Molecular Level: Genetics

     
     
    Module 1.2. The Evolution of Brain-Behavior Relationships
    1.2.1 Natural Selection

     
    1.2.2 Neuroecology: How Natural Selection Accounts for Brain-Behavior Relationships

     
     
    Module 1.3. The Origins of Behavioral Neuroscience
    1.3.1 Antiquity

     
    1.3.2 The Mind-Body Problem

     
    1.3.3 Localization of Function

     
     
    Module 1.4. Studying Brain-Behavior Relationships Today
    1.4.1 Brain-Damaged Patients and Structural Brain Imaging

     
    1.4.2 Lesioning, Stimulating, and Measuring the Brain’s Activity

     
    1.4.3 Fields of Study Related to Behavioral Neuroscience

     
     
    CHAPTER 2. Neurons and Glia
    Introduction

     
     
    Module 2.1. Putting Neurons Into Context
    2.1.1 The Place of Neurons Within the Body

     
    2.1.2 Cell Theory and the Neuron Doctrine

     
    2.1.3 Studying Neurons

     
    2.1.4 The Number of Neurons and Glia in the Brain

     
     
    Module 2.2. The Structure of Neurons
    2.2.1 The Prototypical Neuron

     
    2.2.2 The Diversity of Neurons

     
     
    Module 2.3. The Action Potential
    2.3.1 A Little Bit of Chemistry

     
    2.3.2 Initiation of Action Potentials

     
    2.3.3 Propagation of Action Potentials

     
     
    Module 2.4. Glia
    2.4.1 Putting Glia Into Context

     
    2.4.2 The Functions of Glia

     
     
    CHAPTER 3. The Synapse, Neurotransmitters, Drugs, and Addiction
    Introduction

     
     
    Module 3.1. The Synapse
    3.1.1 What Is a Synapse?

     
    3.1.2 What Occurs at a Synapse?

     
    3.1.3 Synaptic Integration

     
    3.1.4 The Varieties of Synapses

     
     
    Module 3.2. Neurotransmitters
    3.2.1 What Are Neurotransmitters?

     
    3.2.2 Neurotransmitter Systems: Pathways, Functions, and Receptors

     
     
    Module 3.3. Drugs and Drug Addiction
    3.3.1 What Is a Drug?

     
    3.3.2 Drug Addiction

     
    3.3.3 Neurobiological Models of Drug Addiction

     
    3.3.4 Mechanisms of Action of Commonly Abused Drugs

     
     
    CHAPTER 4. The Nervous System
    Introduction

     
     
    Module 4.1. Central Nervous System Development
    4.1.1 Gastrulation

     
    4.1.2 Neurulation

     
    4.1.3 Differentiation of the Neural Tube Into the Primary Brain Vesicles

     
     
    Module 4.2. The Fully Developed Brain
    4.2.1 The Structures and Functions of the Forebrain: The Telencephalon

     
    4.2.2 The Structures and Functions of the Forebrain: The Diencephalon

     
    4.2.3 The Midbrain and the Hindbrain

     
    4.2.4 The Spinal Cord

     
    4.2.5 The Protected Brain

     
    4.2.6 Hemispheric Specialization

     
     
    Module 4.3. The Peripheral Nervous System
    4.3.1 The Somatic Nervous System

     
    4.3.2 The Autonomic Nervous System

     
     
    CHAPTER 5. Neurodevelopment, Neuroplasticity, and Aging
    Introduction

     
     
    Module 5.1. Neurodevelopment
    5.1.1 Neurogenesis, Cell Proliferation, Migration, Differentiation, and Synaptogenesis

     
    5.1.2 Adult Neurogenesis

     
     
    Module 5.2. Neuroplasticity
    5.2.1 What Is Neuroplasticity?

     
    5.2.2 Structural Remodeling

     
    5.2.3 Synaptic Plasticity

     
    5.2.4 Cortical Plasticity

     
    5.2.5 When Cortical Plasticity Goes Overboard

     
     
    Module 5.3. The Aging Brain: Adolescence and Old Age
    5.3.1 The Adolescent Brain and Behavior

     
    5.3.2 Normal Aging of the Brain

     
    5.3.3 Disease in the Aging Brain

     
     
    CHAPTER 6. Sensation and Perception 1: Vision and Hearing
    Introduction

     
     
    Module 6.1. Vision
    6.1.1 The Beginnings of an Image

     
    6.1.2 Phototransduction

     
    6.1.3 Acuity and Sensitivity

     
    6.1.4 Receptive Fields

     
    6.1.5 Color Vision

     
    6.1.6 Visual Processing Beyond the Retina

     
     
    Module 6.2. Hearing
    6.2.1 Physical and Perceptual Dimensions of Sound

     
    6.2.2 The Ear

     
    6.2.3 Auditory Processing Beyond the Basilar Membrane

     
     
    CHAPTER 7. Sensation and Perception 2: Taste, Smell, and Touch
    Introduction

     
     
    Module 7.1. Taste
    7.1.1 What Is Taste and What Is It Made Of?

     
    7.1.2 Gustatory Chemoreceptors

     
    7.1.3 Taste Receptor Cells and Their Mechanisms

     
    7.1.4 Taste Perception: Beyond Taste Receptor Cells

     
     
    Module 7.2. Smell
    7.2.1 What Is Smell and What Is It Made Of?

     
    7.2.2 Olfactory Receptor Neurons

     
    7.2.3 Beyond the Olfactory Bulb

     
    7.2.4 Pheromones

     
     
    Module 7.3. Touch
    7.3.1 What Is Touch and What Is It Made Of?

     
    7.3.2 Mechanoreceptors

     
    7.3.3 Conduction and Mechanoreceptors

     
    7.3.4 Beyond Mechanoreceptors

     
    7.3.5 Pain

     
     
    CHAPTER 8. Sensorimotor Systems
    Introduction

     
     
    Module 8.1. This Is What Makes You Move
    8.1.1 Muscles and Muscle Contraction

     
    8.1.2 Innervation of Muscle Cells

     
    8.1.3 How Muscles Contract

     
     
    Module 8.2. Spinal Control of Movement
    8.2.1 Spinal Reflexes

     
    8.2.2 Motor Programs

     
     
    Module 8.3. Cortical Control of Movement and Sensorimotor Integration
    8.3.1 Proprioception

     
    8.3.2 The Descending Pathways

     
    8.3.3 Anatomy of Voluntary Movement

     
    8.3.4 Putting It All Together

     
     
    CHAPTER 9. Motivation: Theories, Temperature Regulation, Energy Balance, and Sleep
    Introduction

     
     
    Module 9.1. Theories of Motivation
    9.1.1 What Is Motivation?

     
    9.1.2 Need Reduction Theory

     
    9.1.3 Arousal Theory

     
    9.1.4 Pleasure Seeking and Reward

     
     
    Module 9.2. Physiological Mechanisms
    9.2.1 Temperature Regulation

     
    9.2.2 Energy Balance, Hunger, and Eating

     
     
    Module 9.3. Regulation of Sleep and Wakefulness
    9.3.1 What Is Sleep?

     
    9.3.2 Homeostatic and Circadian Influences on Sleep and Wakefulness

     
    9.3.3 The Neurochemistry and Physiology of Wakefulness and Sleep

     
     
    CHAPTER 10. Hormones: Social and Reproductive Behavior
    Introduction

     
     
    Module 10.1. What Are Hormones?
    10.1.1 Hormones and Their Discovery

     
    10.1.2 Types of Hormones and the Roles of the Hypothalamus and Pituitary

     
    10.1.3 Steroid and Nonsteroid Hormones

     
    10.1.4 The Actions of Specific Pituitary Hormones

     
     
    Module 10.2. Hormones and Behavior
    10.2.1 Social Behavior

     
    10.2.2 Sexual and Reproductive Behavior

     
     
    Module 10.3. Organizing Effects of Hormones and Sexual Orientation
    10.3.1 The Organizing Effects of Hormones

     
    10.3.2 Sexual Orientation

     
     
    CHAPTER 11. Emotions
    Introduction

     
     
    Module 11.1. What Are Emotions?
    11.1.1 Emotions, Emotional Experience, and Emotional Expression

     
    11.1.2 Theories of Emotions

     
     
    Module 11.2. Emotions: Where in the Brain?
    11.2.1 Emotional Networks in the Brain

     
    11.2.2 Emotions and the Amygdala

     
    11.2.3 Emotions and the Amygdala in Humans

     
     
    Module 11.3. Emotions and Decision Making: Beyond the Amygdala
    11.3.1 The Prefrontal Cortex

     
    11.3.2 The Somatic-Marker Hypothesis

     
     
    Module 11.4. Aggression
    11.4.1 What Is Aggression?

     
    11.4.2 Aggression in the Brain

     
    11.4.3 Aggression: Testosterone, Cortisol, and Serotonin

     
     
    CHAPTER 12. Memory and Memory Systems
    Introduction

     
     
    Module 12.1. Memory and Memory Systems
    12.1.1 What Is Memory?

     
    12.1.2 The Stages of Memory

     
    12.1.3 The Registers of Memory

     
    12.1.4 Working Memory and the Brain

     
     
    Module 12.2. Long-Term Memory
    12.2.1 What Is Long-Term Memory?

     
    12.2.2 The Neuroanatomy of Long-Term Memory

     
     
    Module 12.3. Memory Consolidation
    12.3.1 What Is Memory Consolidation?

     
    12.3.2 Theories of Memory Consolidation

     
     
    Module 12.4. Navigating Through Space: Spatial Memory
    12.4.1 What Is Spatial Memory? The Hippocampus as a Navigational Device

     
    12.4.2 Cells for Space: An Internal GPS

     
    12.4.3 The Hippocampus and Nonspatial Memory

     
     
    Module 12.5. Learning: The Acquisition of Memories
    12.5.1 What Is Learning?

     
    12.5.2 Nonassociative Learning

     
    12.5.3 Associative Learning

     
    12.5.4 Synaptic Plasticity: Neurons That Wire Together Fire Together

     
     
    CHAPTER 13. Attention and Consciousness
    Introduction

     
     
    Module 13.1. Attention
    13.1.1 What Is Attention?

     
    13.1.2 Concepts in the Study of Attention

     
    13.1.3 Attention: Where in the Brain?

     
    13.1.4 Disorders of Attention

     
     
    Module 13.2. Consciousness
    13.2.1 What Is Consciousness?

     
    13.2.2 The Problems of Consciousness

     
    13.2.3 The Neural Correlates and Contents of Consciousness

     
    13.2.4 A Neurobiological Theory of Consciousness

     
    13.2.5 Disorders of Consciousness

     
    13.2.6 Hidden Consciousness

     
    13.2.7 Free Will

     
     
    CHAPTER 14. Psychological Disorders
    Introduction

     
     
    Module 14.1. What Is a Psychological Disorder?
    14.1.1 Defining Psychological Disorder

     
    14.1.2 The Interacting Factors Behind Psychological Disorders

     
     
    Module 14.2. Anxiety Disorders and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
    14.2.1 Anxiety, Fear, and Anxiety Disorders

     
    14.2.2 The Neurobiology of Anxiety Disorders

     
    14.2.3 Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

     
    14.2.4 The Neurobiology of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

     
     
    Module 14.3. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
    14.3.1 What Is Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder?

     
    14.3.2 The Neurobiology of Obsessive- Compulsive Disorder

     
     
    Module 14.4. Major Depressive Disorder
    14.4.1 What Is Major Depressive Disorder?

     
    14.4.2 The Neurobiology of Major Depressive Disorder

     
     
    Module 14.5. Schizophrenia
    14.5.1 What Is Schizophrenia?

     
    14.5.2 The Neurobiology of Schizophrenia

     
     
    CHAPTER 15. Social Neuroscience
    Introduction

     
     
    Module 15.1. What Is Social Neuroscience?
    15.1.1 Social Neuroscience: The Chicken or the Egg?

     
    15.1.2 The Social-Neuroscientific Perspective

     
     
    Module 15.2. Self-Awareness
    15.2.1 What Is Self-Awareness?

     
    15.2.2 Self-Awareness: Where in the Brain?

     
     
    Module 15.3. Theory of Mind and Empathy
    15.3.1 What Is Theory of Mind?

     
    15.3.2 Theory of Mind: Where in the Brain?

     
    15.3.3 Empathy

     
     
    Module 15.4. Social Pain
    15.4.1 Two Dimensions of Physical Pain

     
    15.4.2 Social Pain: Does It Really Hurt?

     
     
    Module 15.5. Altruism
    15.5.1 What Is Altruism?

     
    15.5.2 Altruism: Where in the Brain?

     
     
    Module 15.6. Cooperation and Trust
    15.6.1 Game Theory

     
    15.6.2 Game Theory and the Brain?

     
     
    Glossary
     
    References
     
    Author Index
     
    Subject Index

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    "This textbook covers behavioral neuroscience from a research-driven perspective, while highlighting new findings in the field and discussing case studies related to the topic. It gives a fresh perspective and different lens on the field than what you would traditionally find in a behavioral neuroscience textbook, like the inclusion of neuromarketing."

    Amanda ElBassiouny
    Spring Hill College

    "Behavioral Neuroscience provides a broad overview of physiological psychology that can serve as a foundation for learning about brain-behavior relationships and emerging subfields and applications of neuroscience."

    Suzanne Clerkin
    Purchase College, State University of New York

    "This textbook's coverage goes into depth on the topics important to any psychology or biology student. It contains up-to-date research and covers multiple modalities. Supplementary materials are available and this is a fresh alternative to the textbooks currently available."

    Tifani Fletcher
    West Liberty University

    "This is a very good introductory text on bio-psych. It is thorough, research-based, and has good ancillary resources, particularly for a new instructor."

    Dennis J. Trickett
    University of the Cumberlands
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