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Single-Case Designs for Applied Research
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Single-Case Designs for Applied Research by Craig Kennedy helps readers explore single-subject research designs, grounded in real-world examples drawn from classic and contemporary research in education and beyond. This text aims to give readers precise and highly applicable information and concepts in single-case, or single-subject, designs so readers can apply this knowledge to their own research and practice. By focusing on the experimental nature of this design, students learn about the purposes of single-case research so they can adapt the designs, using them as tools in their methodological toolboxes rather than as formulas to be followed. Beginning with an overview of experiments, single-case designs, and strategic issues, the book then moves onto a review of measurement approaches, different tactics for research designs, and ways to understand data and analysis. Boxed features throughout offer readers more explanation and background of key methodological concepts. Reflection questions at the end of each chapter help students reinforce their knowledge. This brief text concisely and thoroughly covers the landscape of single-case designs.

 
Part I: The Applied Importance of Research
 
Chapter 1: Why Conduct Experiments?
What Is an Experiment?

 
Experimental Progress

 
Assumptions of Researchers

 
 
Chapter 2: Translational Foundations
Historical Antecedents to Single-Case Designs

 
The Emergence of Behavior Analysis

 
Linking Educational Research and Behavior Analysis

 
 
Part II: Strategic Issues
 
Chapter 3: Functional Relations
Independent and Dependent Variables

 
Extraneous Variables

 
Baseline

 
Demonstrating Functional Relations

 
 
Chapter 4: Direct and Systematic Replication
Direct Replication

 
Systematic Replication

 
Failures to Replicate

 
 
Chapter 5: Experimental Questions
Demonstration Questions

 
Comparison Questions

 
Parametric Questions

 
Component Questions

 
 
Chapter 6: Evidence-based Practices
Defining Evidence-Based Practice

 
Contributions of Single-Case Designs

 
Research Design Quality Indicators

 
Thresholds for Cumulative Evidence

 
 
Part III: Measurement
 
Chapter 7: Quantifying Behavior
Benefits of Counting Behavior

 
Dimensional Quantities of Behavior

 
Choosing Dimensional Quantities

 
 
Chapter 8: Recording Systems
Recording Systems

 
Steps in Developing a Recording System

 
Types of Data Collection Procedures

 
Additional Considerations in Recording Systems

 
 
Chapter 9: Variable Integrity
Why Collect Interobserver Agreement?

 
Different Formulas for Calculating Interobserver Agreement

 
Levels and Frequencies of Interobserver Agreement

 
Procedural Fidelity

 
 
Part IV: Design Tactics
 
Chapter 10: A-B-A-B Designs
A-B-A-B Designs

 
B-A-B Designs

 
A-B-C and Associated Designs

 
Changing-Criterion Design

 
Strengths and Limitations

 
 
Chapter 11: Multielement Designs
Multielement Designs

 
Tactical Issues and Multielement Designs

 
Strengths and Limitations

 
 
Chapter 12: Multiple Baseline Designs
Basic Multiple-Baseline Designs

 
Multiple-Baseline Design Variants

 
Strengths and Limitations

 
 
Chapter 13: Repeated Acquisition Designs
Repeated-Acquisition Designs

 
Methodological Issues in Repeated-Acquisition Designs

 
Strengths and Limitations

 
 
Chapter 14: Brief Experimental Designs
Brief Experimental Designs

 
Variants of Brief Experimental Designs

 
Strengths and Limitations

 
 
Chapter 15: Combined Designs
Combined Designs

 
Tactics in Combined Design

 
Strengths and Limitations

 
 
Part V: Analyzing Data
 
Chapter 16: Visual Analysis
Elements of a Graph

 
Visual Inspection of Graphs

 
Using Graphs to Analyze Data

 
Training People to Visually Analyze Data

 
 
Chapter 17: Quantitative Analysis
Descriptive Techniques

 
Inferential Techniques

 
Integrative Techniques

 
 
Chapter 18: Social Validity
What Is Social Validity?

 
Approaches to Social Validity

 
Trends in the Use of Social Validity

 
Conclusion

 
 
References
 
Index

Kennedy has finally written a new edition! No more scrounging for 2005 copies. Kennedy provides a thorough and accessible introduction to single case research design. The text is an excellent reference or course text.

Brittany L. Hott
University of Oklahoma

This book not only reviews single case research designs, but it builds the foundational knowledge necessary for students to understand why we conduct research as well as how to conduct single subject research.

Molly E. Milam
York College of Pennsylvania

This textbook is excellent for a group of students who have been exposed to applied behavior analysis and education research content. The textbook dives deep into fundamental elements of single-case research. Kennedy has a voice that is readable, striking as unique and distinct. There are many bits of information peppered in from historical and multi-disciplinary perspectives.

Jennifer Ninci
University of Hawaii at Manoa

I really like how the wording and writing of this chapter are relatable to professionals and students. I don’t often see the use of relevant jargon and concepts to real examples students can understand from their work as teachers in the field.

Caroline DiPipi-Hoy
East Stroudsburg University

A comprehensive text that incorporates recent advances in data analysis for single case research studies and addresses issues of diversity, equity, and inclusion.

Susan R. Copeland
University of New Mexico

This useful textbook offers background information, fundamental ideas, and a comprehension of pertinent problems in applied behavior analysis, more specifically in single subject research designs. It provides an overview of the main categories of single subject research designs while combining explanation and application. The overview of the history is followed by a detailed summary of the findings from relevant research that have been published in scholarly literature as it relates to each design.

Sudha Ramaswamy
Mercy College

This text provides an accessible approach to teaching single-subject methodology to students while clarifying definitions and reviewing examples from a multi-disciplinary perspective.

Joanna B. Thompson
McNeese State University
Key features
  • This thorough text covers single-case designs from start to finish, defining experiments through to analyzing data.
  • Classic and contemporary educational research studies and examples from related fields emphasize the highly-applied nature of this text. 
  • A foundation of experimental design builds on readers' knowledge of research methods.
  • Learning Objectives at the beginning of each chapter provide concise learning goals to readers.
  • Feature Boxes throughout offer more in-depth information on the history of single-case designs and more information on advanced topics.
  • Reflection Questions at the end of each chapter help readers clarify their thinking and strengthen their knowledge. 

Sample Materials & Chapters

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