PART I: FOUNDATIONS OF CORRECTIONS
Chapter 1: Early History of Punishment and the Development of Prisons in the United States
Defining Corrections: A Variety of Possibilities
The Notion of Punishment and Corrections Throughout History
The Enlightenment and Correctional Reform
Punishment During Early American History: 1700s–1800s
The Age of the Reformatory in America
Prisons in America: 1900s to the End of World War II
Modern Day Systems: Federal and State Inmate Characteristics
Chapter 2: Ideological and Theoretical Underpinnings to Sentencing and Correctional Policy
Philosophical Underpinnings
Criminological Theories and Corrections
Chapter 3: Correctional Law and Legal Liabilities
The Emergence of Inmate Rights
Corrections and the Constitution
A Restrained Hands-On Perspective and Court Deference to Prisons
State and Federal Legal Liabilities
Compliance With Judicial Orders
PART II: CORRECTIONAL PRACTICES
Chapter 4: Jail and Detention Facilities
Jails as Short-Term Institutions
Jails as Long-Term Facilities
Specialized Types of Jail Sentences
Chapter 5: Probation
A Brief History of Probation
Contemporary Probation: When the Jail Is Full
Characteristics of Probationers
The Administration of Probation
Chapter 6: Intermediate Sanctions
Types of Intermediate Sanctions
Methods of Ensuring Compliance
Intermediate Sanctions in Different States
Chapter 7: Facility Design to Meet Security and Programming Needs
Prison Facility Designs Throughout History
Accommodations for Inmates With Disabilities
Innovative Security Designs
Auxiliary Services and Physical Security
Technology Systems in Prisons
Chapter 8: Classification and Custody Levels
History of Classification
Rationale for Classification
The Goals of Classification Systems
Elements of All Classification Systems
Special Housing Assignments
Chapter 9: Prison Subculture and Prison Gang Influence
Theories of Prison Subculture
The Inmate Subculture of Modern Times
The Impact of the Inmate Subculture on Corrections Staff
The Impact of Gangs Upon Prison Subculture
Major Prison Gangs in the United States
Chapter 10: Immigration Detention Centers Deciding to Stay or Go
A History of Competing & Contradictory Objectives to Immigration Control
Current Organization & Implementation of Immigration Control
Special Insert 10.1: The 38 National Detention Standards
The Structure of the ERO and Detention Facilities
The ERO Classification System
Jails and Immigration Detention
Budgeting for ICE: Notable Concerns
Lobbying and Big Money for Private Prison Companies
Civil Rights Violations in Immigration Detention Facilities
Detention Facility Housing Conditions
Failure to Uphold Legal Requirements
Chapter 11: Female Offenders in Correctional Systems
Female Offenders Behind Bars: A Detailed Look at Percentages and Rates
Rates of Women Held in State Prisons, in Local Jails, or on Community Supervision
History of Women Behind Bars
Women’s Reformatories in the Early Twentieth Century: A Feminist Perspective
Issues Related to the Modern-Day Female Offender Population
Considerations for Female Offenders
Conditions of Care for Female Offenders
Female Offenders and Treatment Implications
Chapter 12: Specialized Inmate Populations
Administrative Considerations
Prison Subculture and Special Needs Offenders
HIV/AIDS-Related Offenders
Chapter 13: Juvenile Correctional Systems
History of Juvenile Corrections
Legal Precepts and Orientation of the Juvenile Justice System
Screening and Classification of Juvenile Offenders
Commonality of Juvenile as Victim of Prior Abuse
Female Juveniles in Custody
Detention Versus Incarceration
Incarceration of Juveniles
Chapter 14: Correctional Administration
Federal Bureau of Prisons Administration
Regional Offices and Jurisdictions
Correctional System Administration
Levels of Prison Management
Management Versus Leadership
Women in Correctional Management
The Corrections Workforce
Chapter 15: Prison Programming
Chapter 16: Parole and Reintegration
Parole and Parolee Characteristics
The Beginning History of Parole
Parole at the State Level
Parole as the Correctional Release Valve for Prisons
The Role of Institutional Parole Officers
Common Conditions of Parole
The Use of Reentry Councils
Violations of Parole, Parole Warrants, and Parole Revocation Proceedings
PART III: ISSUES AND TRENDS IN CORRECTIONS
Chapter 17: The Death Penalty
Constitutionality of the Death Penalty
Arguments For and Against the Death Penalty
Correctional Aspects of the Death Penalty
Chapter 18: Program Evaluation, Evidence-Based Practices, and Future Trends in Corrections
The Future of Corrections