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Learning
A Behavioral, Cognitive, and Evolutionary Synthesis
- Jerome Frieman - Kansas State University, USA
- Steve Reilly - University of Illinois at Chicago, USA
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Learning
Learning
August 2015 | 608 pages | SAGE Publications, Inc
Learning: A Behavioral, Cognitive, and Evolutionary Synthesis provides an integrated account of the psychological processes involved in learning and conditioning and their influence on human behavior. With a skillful blend of behavioral, cognitive, and evolutionary themes, the text explores various types of learning as adaptive specialization that evolved through natural selection. Robust pedagogy and relevant examples bring concepts to life in this unique and accessible approach to the field.
Chapter 1: Where Learning Fits Into the Big Picture
| What Is Knowledge? |
| How Can We Study Something We Cannot See? |
| Defining Various Kinds of Learning by Procedures and Phenomena |
| The Evolution of Learning |
| Learning Is an Adaptive Specialization |
| Learning Is Part of an Integrated System of Psychological Processes |
Part I: Learning to Predict Important Events
Chapter 2: The Procedure and Phenomena We Call Pavlovian Conditioning
| Procedures, Phenomena, and Processes |
| Why We Call It Pavlovian Conditioning |
| Conditioned Emotional Responses |
| Conditioned Drug Reactions |
| Conditioned Food Aversions |
| Sign-Tracking (Autoshaping) |
Chapter 3: Pavlovian Conditioning Is an Inference Task
| The Elements of Causal Inference |
| The Effects of CS-US Consistency in Pavlovian Conditioning |
| The Effects of Temporal and Spatial Contiguity on Pavlovian Conditioning |
| The Effects of Temporal Precedence on Pavlovian Conditioning |
Chapter 4: Identifying the Predictors of Significant Events
| The Salience of Stimuli |
| Salience and Prior Experience With Potential Conditioned Stimuli |
| Relative Validity in Pavlovian Conditioning |
| Surprise and Pavlovian Conditioning |
| A Mathematical Model of Pavlovian Conditioning Based on Both Salience and Surprise |
| Overshadowing, Relative Validty, and Blocking: Learning About the Other Stimulus |
Chapter 5: The Representations of Knowledge in Pavlovian Conditioning
| CS-US Associations: The Representation of Relationships in Pavlovian Conditioning |
| Transitive Inference and the Linking of Associations in Second-Order Conditioning |
| Conditioned Inhibition: Learning to Predict the Absence of the Unconditioned Stimulus |
| The Role of the Environmental Context in Pavlovian Conditioning |
| Representing the Temporal Relationships Between Events |
| Extinction Revisited |
Chapter 6: From Knowledge to Behavior: The Forms and Functions of Conditioned Responses
| Conditioned Responses: Deciding What to Measure |
| The Relationship Between Conditioned and Unconditioned Responses |
| Behavior Systems and Pavlovian Conditioning |
| The Functions of Pavlovian Conditioned Responses |
| Pavlovian Conditioning as an Adaptive Specialization |
Part II: Learning About the Consequences of One’s Behavior
Chapter 7: The Procedures and Phenomena We Call Operant Conditioning
| Procedures, Phenomena, and Processes |
| B. F. Skinner and Operant Conditioning |
| The Various Events That Can Serve as Reinforcers |
| The Various Events That Can Serve as Reinforcers |
| The Four Varieties of Operant Conditioning |
| Behavior Modification |
| The Differences Between Pavlovian Conditioning and Operant Conditioning |
Chapter 8: How Individuals Adjust Their Behavior to Meet the Demands of the Situation
| Operant Conditioning From Two Different Perspectives |
| The Functions of Reinforcers in Operant Conditioning |
| Adaptive Behavior by Hill-Climbing |
| Identifying the Operant in Operant Conditioning |
Chapter 9: Adjusting to Schedules of Partial Reinforcement
| Classifying Schedules of Reinforcement |
| Ratio Schedules |
| Interval Schedules |
| Explaining the Differences in Performance on Ratio and Interval Schedules of Reinforcement |
| The Effects of Prior Experience on How Individuals Adjust to Schedules of Reinforcement |
| Behavioral Persistence |
Chapter 10: Life Is About Making Choices
| Choice and the Empirical Matching Law |
| The Generalized Theoretical Matching Law |
| Why Matching Occurs |
| The Significance of the Matching Laws |
Chapter 11: Inference and the Representations of Knowledge in Operant Conditioning
| Operant Conditioning Is Also an Inference Task |
| The Representations of Knowledge in Operant Conditioning |
| The Role of the Stimulus in Operant Conditioning |
| Operant Behavior as Procedural Knowledge |
| Extinction Revisited |
Chapter 12: The Similarities Between Operant Conditioning and Natural Selection
| Sources of Behavioral Variation |
| The Mechanism of Selection in Operant Conditioning |
| Operant Conditioning as an Adaptive Specialization |
Part III: The Social Transmission of Knowledge
Chapter 13: Social Learning
| Learning Food Preferences From Others |
| Learning What to Fear Through Observational Conditioning |
| Learning What to Do by Observing Others |
| Transmission of Information About What to Do Through Directed Instruction |
| The Effects of Verbal Instructions on Human Behavior |
Supplements
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It’s easy to log on to SAGE’s password-protected Instructor Teaching Site at study.sagepub.com/frieman for complete and protected access to all text-specific Instructor Resources for Learning: A Behavioral, Cognitive, and Evolutionary Synthesis by Jerome Frieman and Stephen Reilly. Simply provide your institutional information for verification and within 72 hours you’ll be able to use your login information for any SAGE title!
Password-protected Instructor Resources include the following:
- A Microsoft® Word® test bank is available containing multiple choice, true/false, short answer, and essay questions for each chapter. The test bank provides you with a diverse range of pre-written options as well as the opportunity for editing any question and/or inserting your own personalized questions to effectively assess students’ progress and understanding.
- A Respondus electronic test bank is available and can be used on PCs. The test bank contains multiple choice, true/false, short answer, and essay questions for each chapter and provides you with a diverse range of pre-written options as well as the opportunity for editing any question and/or inserting your own personalized questions to effectively assess students’ progress and understanding. Respondus is also compatible with many popular learning management systems so you can easily get your test questions into your online course.
- Editable, chapter-specific Microsoft® PowerPoint® slides offer you complete flexibility in easily creating a multimedia presentation for your course.
- An Instructor’s Manual helps you see the book's overall organization so that you can anticipate what comes next and what you need to emphasize in your classroom presentations. Important concepts are highlighted for you as they appear in the book, and their links to other chapters are noted; difficult concepts are also identified based on what students tend to find most challenging. The manual also includes overviews, chapter outlines, and key terms to assist with lecture preparation and review.
- New discussion questions cover key concepts and issues appropriate for classroom discussion.
- Lively and stimulating class assignments can be used in class to reinforce active learning. The activities apply to individual or group projects.
Student Study Site
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Our Student Study Site at study.sagepub.com/frieman is completely open-access and offers a wide range of additional features, including something no other publisher offers: SAGE Journal articles!
The open-access Student Study Site includes the following:
- Mobile-friendly eFlashcards reinforce understanding of key terms and concepts that have been outlined in the chapters.
- Mobile-friendly web quizzes allow for independent assessment of progress made in learning course material.
- Each chapter includes video and multimedia links related to important topics and designed to supplement key points within the text.
- Web resources are included for further research and insights.
- EXCLUSIVE! Access to certain full-text SAGE journal articles have been carefully selected for each chapter. Each article supports and expands on the concepts presented in the chapter. This feature also provides questions to focus and guide your interpretation.
- Web exercises direct you to useful and current web resources, along with creative activities to extend and reinforce learning or allow for further research on important chapter topics.
I like the text very much except it is extremely skewed toward Behavioral theory of learning. Very little is addressed with regard to other major learning theories. If I were teaching course on ABA's, I would consider using this text; however, I need to be able to teach students that there is more than just one theory out there.
Psychology Dept, Kean University
November 13, 2016