List of Measures and Tables
Preface
Acknowledgments
INTRODUCTORY CHAPTERS
Chapter 1: Introduction and Purpose
Defining Communities and Neighborhoods |
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Overview of Measurement Methods and Inclusion Criteria for Measures in this Book |
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Description of Book Chapters |
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Chapter 2: Framework for Community and Neighborhood Measurement
Examples of Community Measures in Research and Practice |
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Example Application 1: Improving Access to Healthy Food |
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Example Application 2: Promotion of Community Health |
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Example Application 3: Promoting Community Safety and Preventing Violence |
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Example Application 4: Prevention of Substance Use Disorders |
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Chapter 3: Methodological Considerations for Community and Neighborhood Measurement
Methodological Issues When Using Community or Neighborhood-Level Measures |
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Special Problems With Ecological and Geographic Units |
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The Modifiable Areal Unit Problem (MAUP) |
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Uncertain Geographic Context Problem (UGCoP) |
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Violation of the Independence Assumption |
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Sampling Considerations When Community Is the Unit of Analysis |
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Addressing Sparseness Within Neighborhood Samples |
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Sampling Neighborhoods or Place-Based Communities |
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Sample Power in Multi-Level Studies |
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Assessing the Reliability of Neighborhood-Level Measures: Ecometrics |
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Overall Methodological Issues for Community and Neighborhood Measurement |
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Specifying Neighborhood as a Social and Geographic Unit |
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Administrative Boundaries |
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Resident-Perceived Neighborhoods |
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Physical and Spatial Characteristics |
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Considerations in Selecting the Unit of Analysis |
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Objective Versus Subjective Neighborhood Measurement |
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Engaging Community Partners in the Selection of Measures |
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Using New Technology to Measure Neighborhoods |
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CHAPTERS ON MEASUREMENT INSTRUMENTS
Chapter 4: Community Readiness and Capacity for Change
Defining Community Readiness and Capacity |
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Community Readiness Model |
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Community Capacity for Change |
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Measuring Community Readiness and Capacity |
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Measures of Community Readiness |
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Measures of Community Capacity |
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Combined Measures of Community Readiness and Capacity |
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Chapter 5: Strategic Collective Action in Communities
The Importance of Measuring Strategic Collective Action |
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Methods for Measuring Strategic Collective Action |
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Measures of Strategic Collective Action |
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Participation, Representation, and Activities |
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Chapter 6: Social Connections and Processes in Communities
Why is it important to measure social connections and processes in communities? |
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Sense of Community (SOC) Measures |
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Construct Validity of the SOC |
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SOC as an Individual- and Community-Level Construct |
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Measures of Neighborhood Social Processes |
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Neighborhood Matters Measure |
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Saguaro Seminar on Civic Engagement |
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Social Capital Measure From the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods |
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More Recent Social Capital Measures |
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Chapter 7: Community Empowerment and Engagement
Why is it important to measure community empowerment and engagement? |
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Empowerment in Communities |
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Psychological Empowerment Measures |
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Community Empowerment Measure |
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Sociopolitical Control Measures |
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Community and Citizen Participation |
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Defining Community and Citizen Participation |
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Measures of Community and Citizen Participation |
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Defining Civic Engagement |
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Civic Engagement Measures |
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Chapter 8: Community Resources and Resident Satisfaction
Defining Community Resources and Satisfaction |
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Satisfaction With Public Services |
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The Relationship Between Community Satisfaction and Satisfaction With Public Services |
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Why Measure Community Resources and Satisfaction? |
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Methods Used to Measure Community Resources and Satisfaction |
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Measures of Community Resources |
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Observation-Based Measures of Resources |
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Survey-Based Measures of Resources |
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Combining Observations and Survey Methods to Measure Community Resources |
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Measures of Community Satisfaction |
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Measures of Satisfaction With Public Services |
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Chapter 9: The Built Environment Influencing Healthy Living
Why is it important to measure the built environment? |
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How is the built environment measured? |
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Neighborhood Food Environment |
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Walkability of Neighborhoods |
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Recreation in Neighborhoods |
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Chapter 10: Housing and Neighborhood Change
Why are measures related to housing and neighborhood change important? |
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Measures of Housing Quality |
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Measures of Housing Affordability |
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Measures of Housing Market Strength |
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Neighborhood Change Measures |
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Measures of Vacancy, Abandonment, and Blight |
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Measures of Residential Mobility and Housing Unit Turnover |
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Measures of Gentrification and Displacement |
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Chapter 11: Community Disorder, Crime, and Violence
Why Is It Important to Measure Disorder, Crime and Violence? |
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Community Disorder and Order Measures |
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Defining Community Disorder and Order |
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Measures of Community Disorder and Order |
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Measures of Fear of Crime |
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Exposure to Community Violence |
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Defining Exposure to Community Violence |
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Measures of Exposure to Community Violence Among Children and Adolescents |
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Measures of Exposure to Community Violence Among Adults |
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Crime, Violence, and Related Data |
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Chapter 12: Place-based Social Exclusion and Inequity
Measuring Community Social Disadvantage |
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Quantifying Place-Based Segregation by Race, Ethnicity, and Income |
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Minority–Majority Group Measures of Segregation |
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Multiple Group Segregation Measures |
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Economic Segregation Measures |
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Spatial Segregation Measures |
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Community Diversity Measures |
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Measurement of Neighborhood Racial and Ethnic Diversity |
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Measuring Income Diversity in Neighborhoods |
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Measuring Access to Opportunity |
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Measures of Access to Services and Amenities |
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Chapter 13: Community Well-Being and Quality of Life
Defining Well-Being/Quality of Life |
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Community or Neighborhood Well-Being |
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Why Measure Neighborhood Well-Being/Quality of Life? |
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As an Alternative to DAYL |
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Facet-Based Measures of Individual Well-Being That Include Community/Neighborhood Components |
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Global Measures of Community/Neighborhood Well-Being |
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Facet-Based Indicators of Community/Neighborhood Well-Being |
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Measures That Use Administrative Data |
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Measures That Combine Survey Items and Administrative Data |
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