Part I Overview
Michael Gasper
Chapter 1 The Making of the Modern Middle East
The Ottoman and Safavid Empires
States, Nations, and Debates about the Way Forward
Al-Naksa and Its Ramifications
Mark Tessler
Chapter 2 The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict
Emergence of the Conflict
Consolidation of the Conflict
Reemergence of the Palestinian Dimension
Israel and the Territories
New Actors, Continuing Conflict
Ellen Lust
Chapter 3 States and Institutions
Understanding Regime Breakdown and Reform
Robert Lee and Lihi Ben Shitrit
Chapter 4 Religion, Society, and Politics in the Middle East
Religion and Civil Society
Rabab El-Mahdi
Chapter 5 Citizen’s Participation: Actors, Arenas, & Dilemmas
Political Parties and Elections
Movements and Collective Action
Informal Participation: The Unaccounted
New Channels of Political Participation?
Valentine M. Moghadam
Chapter 6 Social Change in the Middle East
Social Change and Social Structure
Urbanization and Population Growth
Labor Force Growth, Employment Challenges, and Income Inequalities
The Family, Family Law, and Sexuality
Dynamics of Social Change: Shifts in the Gender Regime?
After the Arab Spring: Changes in Attitudes and Value Orientations
Melani Cammett, Ishac Diwan, and Steven Heydemann
Chapter 7 The Political Economy of Development in the Middle East
Measuring Development in the Middle East
The Economic Costs of War and Conflict
Development Paths in the Middle East
1980 to 2011: The Retreat of the State and Rise of Crony Capitalism
Development Challenges in the Middle East
Marc Lynch
Chapter 8 International Relations
Conceptualizing the International Relations of the Middle East
Conclusion: Potential Transformative Forces
Part II Profiles
Lahouari Addi
Chapter 9 Algeria
History of State Formation
Institutions and Governance
Actors, Opinions, and Participation
Protest and Social Conflict
International and Regional Politics
Tarek Masoud
Chapter 10 Egypt
History of State Formation
Institutions and Governance
Regional and International Politics
Mehrzad Boroujerdi
Chapter 11 Iran
History of State Formation and Political Change
Institutions and Governance
Elites, Public Opinion, Parties, and Elections
Social Changes and Challenges
Julia Choucair-Vizoso
Chapter 12 Iraq
History of State-Building: The Making of the Contemporary State
Political Regimes and Governance
Regional and International Relations
Political Economy of Development
Lihi Ben Shitrit
Chapter 13 Israel
History of State-Building
Institutions and Governance
Political Participation: The Left–Right Spectrum, Political Parties, and Civil Society
Israel’s Regional and International Relations
Laurie A. Brand
Chapter 14 Jordan
The Making of the Contemporary State
Societal Changes and Challenges
Institutions and Governance
Actors, Opinion, and Participation
Regional and International Relations
Hesham Al-Awadi
Chapter 15 Kuwait
History and State-Building
Demographic and Social Transformation
Institutions and Governance
Paul Salem
Chapter 16 Lebanon
Making of the Contemporary State
The Postwar Period: 1990–2005
From the Syrian Withdrawal to the Arab Uprisings: 2005–2011
Surviving the Syrian Civil War: 2011–2018
Crisis and Collapse: 2019–Present
Societal Changes and Challenges
Institutions and Governance
Actors, Opinion, and Participation
Regional and International Relations
Jacob Mundy
Chapter 17 Libya
History of State-Building
The Political Economy of Development
Political Institutions and Participation
Domestic Conflict and Rebel Governance
Regional and International Relations
Michael Herb
Chapter 18 The Lower Gulf States
Saloua Zerhouni and Driss Maghraoui
Chapter 19 Morocco: Institutions under Monarchical Dominance
Social Transformation and Challenges
Regional and International Relations
Alaa Tartir and Benoît Challand
Chapter 20 Palestine
History of State-Building: The Creation of a Quasi State
Social Transformation: Displaced Elites and Fragmentation
Religion and Politics: Evolving Relations
Development of PA Institutions
Domestic Conflict: Fatah–Hamas Divide
Regional and International Relations: Wars on Gaza Instead of Peace Negotiations
Dina Al Sowayel
Chapter 21 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
State Formation: A Man for a Kingdom and a Kingdom for a Man
Oil! The Political Economy of Saudi Arabia
Political Implications of Oil
Changes and Challenges in Society
Institutions and Governance
Stakeholders, Their Politics, and How These Work in the Kingdom
International and Regional Politics
Politics and Domestic Conflict
Raymond Hinnebusch
Chapter 22 Syria
State Formation: History and Social Composition
Post-Independence Social and Political Change
Institutions and Governance
Political Struggles: Actors and Issues
Domestic Conflict and Rebel Governance
Regional and International Politics
Liv Tønnessen
Chapter 23 Sudan
History of State-Building/Formation
Oil, Conflict, and Secession of South Sudan
Khartoum’s Overexploitation of Sudan’s Regions
Nepotism, Corruption, and the Economic Position of the Security and Military
Changes and Challenges in Society
Institutions and Governance
Actors, Opinion, and Political Participation
Regional and International Politics
Islamism and the Emergence of Salafism
Intissar Kherigi
Chapter 24 Tunisia
Overview of Tunisia’s Transition
History of State-Building
State Institutions and Governance
Religion, Society, and Politics in Tunisia
Conclusion: Democratic Consolidation or Reversal?
Mine Eder
Chapter 25 Turkey
History of State Formation
Changing Society: Turkey’s Tumultuous Modernization and Contestations
Political Institutions, Governance, and Turkey’s Democratic Backsliding
Actors, Opinion, and Political Participation
Turkey’s Political Economy
Regional and International Relations
Sarah G. Phillips
Chapter 26 Yemen
The History of State-Building: Development of the Republic of Yemen
Institutions and Governance
Actors, Opinion, and Participation
Religion, Society, and Politics
International Relations and Security
Sage College Publishing
