Preface
Acknowledgments
About the Authors
Part I: Understanding Development: Why and How We Study Children and Adolescents
Chapter 1: Issues and Themes in Child Development
Why Study Child Development?
Understanding How Development Happens
Be a Smart Consumer of Information About Development
Chapter 2: Theories of Development
Why Theories of Development Are Important
Theories of Cognitive Development
Developmental systems theories
Developmental theory in cultural context
Comparison of Developmental Theories
Chapter 3: How We Study Development
Interpreting and Communicating the Results of a Study
Ethics in Research With Children and Adolescents
Part II: Biological Beginnings and Physical Development
Chapter 4: Nature Through Nurture: Genes and Environment
The Study of Genetics and Behavior
Molecular Genetics: Chromosomes, Genes, and DNA
The Interaction of Genes and Environment
Chapter 5: Prenatal Development, the Newborn, and the Transition to Parenthood
Health and Risks in Pregnancy
The Transition to Parenthood
Chapter 6: Physical Development: The Brain and the Body
Development of the Senses
Part III: Cognitive Development
Chapter 7: Cognitive Development: Theories
Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development
Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory of Cognitive Development
Comparing Four Theories of Cognitive Development
Chapter 8: Cognitive Development: Applications
Defining and Measuring Intelligence
Variations in Intellectual Ability
Academic Achievement: Non-Cognitive Factors
Risk and Success in Academic Achievement
Academic Achievement: Learning in the School Context
Chapter 9: Language Development
Theories of Language Development
Stages of Language Development
Literacy: Reading and Writing
Bilingualism and Bilingual Education
Chapter 10: Emotional Development and Attachment
Emotions: Universality and Difference
Emotion Regulation and Self-Control
Normal Emotions and Emotional Problems
The Development of Attachment
Chapter 11: The Self and Identity Development
Development of Self-Concept
Development of Self-Esteem
Ethnic and Racial Identity
Chapter 12: Social Development: Social Cognition and Peer Relationships
Social Cognition: Theory of Mind
Peer Relationships in Infancy and Early Childhood
Peer Relationships in Middle Childhood
Adolescents: The World of Peers
Bullying, Cyberbullying, and School Violence
Part IV: Contexts for Development
Chapter 13: Families
What Constitutes a Family?
Family Roles and Relationships
Socialization in Childhood and Adolescence
Interventions for a Better Family Life
Chapter 14: Beyond the Family: Activities, Media, and the Natural World
Unstructured Time and the Natural World
Relationships with Nonparental Adults
Chapter 15: Health, Well-Being, and Resilience
Physical Illness and Mental Disorders
Other Threats to Health and Well-Being
Challenges to Positive Child Development
Glossary