PART ONE. Setting the Stage
1. Introduction
Parenting Beliefs Throughout History
Authorities’ Parenting Beliefs Throughout History
Other Sources of Parenting Beliefs
Using Research to Understand Parenting
2. Theoretical Perspectives on Parenting
Biological, Genetic, and Environmental Influences
Theories Focused on Social Interaction and Social Cognition
Developmental Stage Theories
3. Determinants of Parenting
Categories of Determinants
Cultural and Distal Determinants
Stable Characteristics Determinants
Interrelations Among Determinants
PART TWO. PARENTING AND DEVELOPMENT
4. Becoming a Parent
Getting Pregnant, Staying Pregnant, and Encountering Problems
Transitioning to Parenthood
The Problem of Infant Mortality
5. Parenting Infants and Toddlers
6. Parenting Preschoolers
Developmental Issues With Preschoolers
7. Parenting During the Middle Childhood Years
Introduction to Parent-Child Relations During Middle Childhood
Parents and Within-Family Interactions
Parents and External Influences
8. Parenting Adolescents
Developmental Changes in Adolescence
Problems for Adolescents and Their Parents
How Parents Help Teens Navigate Adolescence
9. Parenting Adult Children
Role Expectations and Relationships in the Context of Child Age
Role Expectations and Parent-Adult Child Relationships in Cultural Context
Part Three. Parenting Today
10. Parenting in its Contemporary Forms
Diverse Family Structures
Nontraditional Parent Characteristics
Diverse Parental Roles or Occupations
11. Parents at Risk
Support for and Resilience in At-Risk Parents
12. Parenting Across Cultures
Child-Rearing Across Cultures
Cross-Cultural Comparisons of Parenting
13. Cultural Diversity in U.S. Parents
Cultural Diversity Among U.S. Parents
14. Child Maltreatment: When Parenting Goes Awry
Child Maltreatment Throughout History
The Many Faces of Child Maltreatment
Maltreatment Across Studies, Time, and Countries
Protecting Maltreated Children: Foster Parents
The Costs of Child Maltreatment
15. Parents and Social Policy
The Changing American Family
The Societal Costs of Family Problems
Controversial Social Policy Ideas