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Differentiation Through Learning Styles and Memory
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Differentiation Through Learning Styles and Memory

Second Edition


April 2008 | 184 pages | Corwin

"This is the kind of book that needs to be read and reread. There's so much usable information. A great resource for all teachers."
—William Fitzhugh, Fifth-Grade Teacher
Reisterstown Elementary School, MD

"The stories and classroom situations throughout the book really helped me visualize how all of this can be put to use. The author definitely practices what she preaches, whether she is teaching in a classroom or teaching through the written word."
—Kathy Tritz-Rhodes, Principal
Marcus-Meriden-Cleghorn Elementary School, IA

Help students lead with their strengths and gain a deeper understanding of concepts!

Students' learning styles are as diverse as the students themselves, so how can teachers reach all learners according to their strengths?

In this updated edition of the bestseller, Marilee Sprenger demonstrates how to optimize learning by using brain-based strategies that address students' social/emotional, cognitive, and physical learning preferences. The author provides readers with graphic organizers, current research on memory, and new charts to help implement differentiated strategies, and also offers:

  • An explanation of how the brain processes, stores, and retains information
  • Pre-assessment strategies for each learning style
  • "Reflect and Connect" questions to help teachers evaluate their current classroom practice
  • Learning and memory tips for students
  • Exit cards, or quick assessments of what students have learned

This comprehensive resource provides the tools you need to create a brain-friendly learning environment and to differentiate content, process, and product for your students' diverse learning needs and strengths.


 
Acknowledgments
 
About the Author
 
Prologue
The Way We Do the Things We Do

 
 
1. Environments for Learning
Reflect and Connect

 
What Is Differentiated Instruction?

 
Maslow's Hierarchy of Human Needs

 
Physiological Needs

 
Safety Needs

 
Need to Belong

 
Need for Esteem

 
Need for Self-Actualization

 
Classroom Environments

 
Physical Environment

 
An Attractive Environment

 
Lighting

 
Temperature

 
Color

 
Nutrition

 
Music

 
Humor

 
Water

 
Physical Safety

 
Social/Emotional Environment

 
Self-Awareness

 
Self-Management

 
Social Awareness

 
Relationship Management

 
Cognitive Environment

 
Predictability

 
Feedback

 
Novelty

 
Choice

 
Challenge

 
Reflection

 
The Stage Is Set

 
Different Strokes

 
Exit Card

 
 
2. Getting to Know Your Students: Learning Strengths
Reflect and Connect

 
Different Learners/Different Teachers

 
What Is a Learning Profile?

 
Attention

 
Patterns

 
Why Sensory Pathways?

 
Sensory Pathways

 
Visual

 
Auditory/Verbal

 
Kinesthetic/Tactile

 
Sensory Systems

 
Visual Memory Preference

 
Auditory/Verbal Memory Preference

 
Kinesthetic/Tactile Memory Preferences

 
Hands-On Learners

 
Whole Body Learners

 
Doodlers

 
Perceptual Patterns

 
The Need to Know

 
Reteaching

 
All Pathways Lead to Differentiation

 
Different Strokes

 
Exit Card

 
 
3. A Matter of Memory: Gaining a Better Understanding of How Students Remember
Reflect and Connect

 
Phases of Memory

 
Categorizing Memory

 
Sensory Memory

 
Immediate Memory

 
Active Working Memory

 
Long-Term Memory

 
Explicit Memory

 
How Do We Deal With Explicit Information?

 
Semantic Memory: Nothing but the Facts

 
Episodic Memory: Making the Invisible Visible

 
Implicit Memory

 
Conditioned Response: Lasting Memories

 
Procedural Memory: Just Do It!

 
Emotional Memory: If They Can Feel It - They'll Remember It!

 
Using Memory Systems to Access Prior Knowledge

 
Making Connections

 
Differentiation

 
Making Garpon Memorable

 
Automatic Memory

 
Emotional/Episodic Memory

 
Everyone Should Be Familiar With Garpon: Is That Your Final Answer?

 
Different Strokes

 
Exit Card

 
 
4. Differentiating Content, Process, and Product for the Visual Learner
Reflect and Connect

 
Do You Teach for Visual Memory?

 
Preassessment and the Visual Learner

 
Differentiation Design for Learners With Strong Visual Memory

 
Differentiating for Visual Memory and the Semantic System

 
Differentiating for Visual Memory and the Episodic System

 
Differentiating for Visual Memory and the Procedural System

 
Differentiating for Visual Memory and Conditioned Response

 
Differentiating for Visual Memory and the Emotional System

 
Visual Memory: I'll Show You What I Know!

 
Bloom's Taxonomy and the Visual Learner

 
Knowledge

 
Comprehension

 
Application

 
Analysis

 
Synthesis

 
Evaluation

 
A Note About Synthesis

 
Different Strokes

 
Exit Card

 
Visual Learner Snapshot

 
 
5. Differentiating Content, Process, and Product for the Auditory Learner
Reflect and Connect

 
Do You Teach for Auditory Memory?

 
Preassessment and the Auditory Learner

 
Differentiation Design for Learners With Strong Auditory Memory

 
Differentiating for Auditory Memory and the Semantic System

 
Differentiating for Auditory Memory and the Episodic System

 
Differentiating for Auditory Memory and the Procedural System

 
Differentiating for Auditory Memory and Conditioned Response

 
Differentiating for Auditory Memory and the Emotional System

 
Concentration and the Auditory Learner

 
Auditory Memory: I'll Tell It Like It Is!

 
Bloom's Taxonomy and the Auditory Learner

 
Knowledge

 
Comprehension

 
Application

 
Analysis

 
Synthesis

 
Evaluation

 
Different Strokes

 
Exit Card

 
Auditory Learner Snapshot

 
 
6. Differentiating Content, Process, and Product for the Kinesthetic Learner
Reflect and Connect

 
Do You Teach for Kinesthetic Memory?

 
Preassessment and the Kinesthetic Learner

 
Differentiation Design for Learners With Strong Kinesthetic Memory

 
Sameness Is Not Always Fairness

 
Differentiating for Kinesthetic Memory and the Semantic System

 
Differentiating for Kinesthetic Memory and the Episodic System

 
Differentiating for Kinesthetic Memory and the Procedural System

 
Differentiating for Kinesthetic Memory and Conditioned Response

 
Differentiating for Kinesthetic Memory and the Emotional System

 
Does It Really Make Any Difference?

 
Kinesthetic Memory: I'd Rather Do It Myself!

 
Bloom's Taxonomy and the Kinesthetic Learner

 
Knowledge

 
Comprehension

 
Application

 
Analysis

 
Synthesis

 
Evaluation

 
The Critter Connection

 
Different Strokes

 
Exit Card

 
Kinesthetic Learner Snapshot

 
 
7. Putting It All Together: Memory C.R.E.E.P.S. In!
Reflect and Connect

 
Identifying Learning Strengths

 
A Closer Look

 
Jeffrey

 
Elise

 
Jordan

 
Isaac

 
Micayla

 
Tobias

 
Lemar

 
Amos

 
Amanda

 
Calvin

 
An Eye Cue

 
Visual

 
Auditory

 
Kinesthetic

 
Remembering to Remember

 
Thinking About Thinking

 
Differentiated Instructional Strategies That Work for All Learners

 
Cubing

 
Jigsaw

 
Different Strokes

 
Exit Card

 
Learning and Memory Tips for Students

 
 
Epilogue
 
Bibliography
 
Index

"This is the kind of book that needs to be read and re-read. There’s so much usable information in it. A great resource for all teachers."

William Fitzhugh, Fifth-Grade Teacher
Reisterstown Elementary School, MD

"Provides many useful and helpful techniques that can immediately be implemented to improve learning in any classroom setting."

Michelle Barnea, Early Childhood Consultant

“The stories and classroom situations throughout the book really helped me visualize how all of this can be put to use. The author definitely practices what she preaches, whether she is teaching in a classroom or teaching through the written word.”

Kathy Tritz-Rhodes, Principal
Marcus-Meriden-Cleghorn Elementary School, Marcus and Cleghorn, IA

Sample Materials & Chapters

Prologue

Chapter 1: Environments for Learning


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